All these showcased that, our biomaterial can find promising applications in Biomedical and Therapeutic fields. The Genotoxicity study exposed the aberration‐free active mitotic cell division in Onion root tip cells. Bio‐Gel formulated with a good spreadability rate and promising biocompatibility was proved with less Hemolysis value of 2.74%. RSM study proved the optimization of maximum yield and Two‐way ANOVA reported the statistical significance (p‐value ≤ 0.05) for its anti‐inflammatory effect. 89.48% of anti‐oxidant effect and potential anti‐inflammatory property with the IC50 value of 86.04% was reported. This novel material showed antibacterial efficiency of 51.72% ‐ 70.83% for both gram‐negative and gram‐positive organisms. The TEM images proved the reduction of GO by folded thin sheets with the wrinkled appearance of our sample. FE‐SEM EDX reported stacked sheets with smooth edges with an atomic ratio of Carbon: Oxygen (83.56:16.44). The 2θ value around 24.1° by XRD analysis and the functional groups like ‐OH, ‐CH2‐, ‐C = C‐ and ‐CHO by FT‐ IR confirmed the reduction of GO. The synthesized sample was characterized by UV‐ Visible spectroscopy with a strong absorption peak at 260 nm due to redshift.
Isadora stabel free#
The current study outlines the toxicity free Green synthesis of reduced Graphene oxide (GO) using Celosia argenta. Additionally, study perspectives for further research are provided for each section. This paper provides a review of 1) Betalain plant sources within several plant families such as Amaranthaceae, Basellaceae, Cactaceae, Portulacaceae, and Nyctaginaceae, 2) The biosynthesis pathway of betalains for both betacyanins and betaxanthins, 3) Betalain extraction process, including non-conventional technologies like microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, and pulsed electrical field extraction, 4) Factors affecting their stability, mainly temperature, water activity, light incidence, as well as oxygen concentration, metals, and the presence of antioxidants, as well as activation energy as a mean to assess stability, and novel food-processing technologies able to prevent betalain degradation, 5) Methods to increase shelf life, mainly encapsulation by spray drying, freeze-drying, double emulsions, ionic gelation, nanoliposomes, hydrogels, co-crystallization, and unexplored methods such as complex coacervation and electrospraying, 6) Biological properties of betalains such as their antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antitumoral, and anti-inflammatory activities, among others, and 7) Applications in foods and other products such as cosmetics, textiles and solar cells, among others. However, they have been shown to be unstable to different environmental factors. These extracts can be utilised as natural food colorant, functional ingredients, and nutraceuticals.īetalains are plant pigments with functional properties used mainly as food dyes.
The 60% aqueous-ethanolic extract was superior to the others in terms of colour, phytochemical contents, and health-promoting activities. Phenolics were the major responsible compounds for antioxidant (r = 0.975, p < 0.01 by ORAC assay), α-amylase (r = -0.725, p < 0.01), and lipase (r = 0.607, p < 0.05) inhibitory activities, whilst betacyanins corresponded to α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (r = 0.627, p < 0.05). The IC50 of α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of all extracts were comparable to that of acarbose. The antioxidant activities measured by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay of the 60 and 80% aqueous-ethanolic extracts were significantly higher than that of ascorbic acid. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of the extracts increased with increasing ethanol concentration.
The highest total betacyanin content was found in the 40 and 60% aqueous-ethanolic extracts. Freeze-dried inflorescence powder was extracted three times with aqueous-ethanol (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% (v/v) ethanol). The impact of betalain content on the health-promoting properties was also evaluated. The present work aimed to compare the betalain profiles and contents in the red inflorescence of Celosia argentea extract obtained using different ethanol-water ratios.
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